Consider this marketing experience: A banner promoting blue-light filtering glasses on an article listing the best books of 2020. Or a video ad for sports equipment that’s shown before a YouTube fitness tutorial. Maybe even text ads for a weekly produce subscription box on the sidebar of a recipe site.
It’s a no-brainer that marketers see the best results when they showcase their brand alongside content that their target audience pursues online. In fact, it’s almost impossible to imagine modern advertising that isn’t based on users’ browsing activities. Enter contextual targeting, the practice of delivering ads that are most relevant to a website’s content.
Contextual targeting is not a groundbreaking new technology — yet, in the age of third-party cookie-based targeting, it’s frequently sidelined by marketers. But as companies focus on user privacy, consumer data protection, and opt-in advertising, our tools and practices have evolved. As a result, contextual targeting is on the rise once again.
Image: An ad for blue-light filtering glasses in the New York Times Book section
Here’s your ultimate refresher on contextual targeting — what it is, how it differs from behavioral targeting, and why it’s more important now than ever.
In this article:
How Does Contextual Targeting Work?
How Is Contextual Targeting Different From Behavioral Targeting?
Why Are Marketers Moving Away From Behavioral Targeting?
Why Is Contextual Targeting Important?
So, Where Should I Put My Budget?
Start the New Year Right
Contextual targeting is relatively easy, especially once you’ve found a reliable ad platform to help launch your ads. Whether your ads are to be watched, heard, or read, start by setting specific parameters for your ads. Typically, you’ll choose between:
Once you set these parameters, the ad platform’s crawler will scan and categorize the content of different sites based on each web pages’ keywords, phrases, themes, contextual information, and alt text. Whenever a user visits a page, the ad server will match that page’s content with relevant ads.
But wait! Even though your ad may be eligible to be displayed for a particular web page, this doesn’t mean it’s guaranteed to be placed. Other factors, such as language and location targeting, will impact its visibility.
Image: A skincare ad on Elle magazine’s homepage
Pro Tip: The ad tech you choose will play a massive role in your contextual targeting efforts. Platforms with technologies powered by machine learning and artificial intelligence can better understand the sentiment, or even associated imagery, of each website’s content, rather than just scan for keywords. (That’s what AdRoll’s brand awareness solution provides.) The more effective your platform is at digesting a web page’s content, the more accurate your ad matching will be.
It can be easy to confuse contextual and behavioral targeting (sometimes known as audience targeting), which both serve relevant ads to relevant audiences at relevant times. Here’s how they’re different:
When marketers target contextually, the focus is on matching the unique digital environment in which their target audiences are browsing. Even on a single website, say, nytimes.com, the intention and mood of someone reading a recipe are different from someone reading international news. Context-specific ads — a tableware ad for the recipe page versus a hotel booking ad for the international news section — are delivered regardless of who the user is and what other sites they’ve visited.
Comparatively, behavioral targeting works by determining ad placement based on users’ digital behaviors, which are tracked via cookies. This data can include:
With this information, marketers can then create personalized ad sets that map onto different audience segments. One popular example of behavioral targeting is retargeting ads, which are entirely personalized and independent from context. In other words, if you see an ad for a leadership course while browsing for a new pair of shoes, that’s behavioral targeting.
In the 2010s, as social media became an integral part of our lives, behavioral targeting became a reliable tool in digital marketers’ toolboxes. After all, when you’re able to personalize ads that can be delivered to potential customers across sites, you’ll likely see better conversions and click-through rates.
However, with great power comes great responsibility. Digital ads gained the reputation of being spammy when not used properly. People started downloading ad-blockers. Some began asking questions like, “How much data does Facebook have on me?” Lawmakers passed legislation that banned easy behavioral tracking — from the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe to the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) aimed at browser restrictions on cookies.
Marketers needed to pivot fast. Naturally, they turned to contextual targeting.
On average, people worldwide spend a whopping 2 hours and 24 minutes every day on social media. The value of digital marketing has surged, though it’s become increasingly difficult for brands to successfully break through the noise.
Given new restrictions and regulations, marketers cannot afford to cling to old tools and practices. With behavioral targeting falling to the wayside, the value of contextual targeting in digital advertising cannot be overstated enough, especially in 2021.
Here are some reasons why it’s high time to add contextual targeting to your marketing repertoire:
With the restriction of third-party cookies on Apple’s Safari and Mozilla’s Firefox, it’s only a matter of time before Google follows suit. Though users can consent and allow cookies, it’s clear from recent data that browsing behavior is significantly more challenging to collect.
Contextual marketing is not constrained by privacy legislation because it does not track users, collect their data, or target them directly. This makes it safer for advertisers who are worried about steep fines and regulation compliance.
Image: An example of a cookie policy pop up
You know that unnerving feeling when an ad follows you from site to site, device to device for days on end? There are many ways to describe this misuse of behavioral targeting — “creepy,” “annoying,” and “intrusive,” among them. No wonder so many choose to block ads.
With contextual targeting, you can guarantee relevancy and reach without coming off as annoying. That’s because your ad will be relevant to the content that users are currently consuming, instead of appearing random. Even if they’re seeing the ad multiple times on multiple sites, it’s less jarring as it doesn’t feel as “stalker-ish.”
This may sound ludicrous, but marketing experts estimate that most Americans see anywhere between 4,000 to 10,000 daily ads. We’ll ignore most of them, pause for a few, and only click on a handful. In fact, a survey reported that 45% of people “don’t notice online ads anymore, even if I don’t block them.”
It’s clear that with high rates of ad fatigue within the American population, marketers need every tool, resource, and creative idea at their disposal to help their ads cut through the noise.
Luckily, with contextual targeting, you can safely assume that those who come across your ad will show a certain degree of interest given its relevance to the content they’ve chosen to read, watch, or hear. Contextual targeting ensures your brand isn’t falling for the trap of over-personalized (which limits campaign effectiveness) but instead allows users to see ads in the right place and at the right time.
We’ve outlined the pros and cons of both contextual and behavioral targeting. But with limited resources, how should marketers allocate their budgets? Should you cross your fingers and continue tinkering with personalized behavioral targeting? Or should you play it safe and start transitioning to a contextual targeting strategy?
Like many things in this industry, there is no clear-cut answer. The truth is, it’s not even a question of “either-or” — contextual and behavioral targeting can work hand-in-hand and play a role in your digital marketing mix. Look at it this way: Behavioral targeting can help capture the sales of your target audience who have visited your site and perhaps browsed your product. Meanwhile, contextual targeting can be used to boost your broader reach in an affordable way.
Pro Tip: When GDPR took effect, many companies shifted their marketing resources from behavioral to contextual advertising and, surprisingly, saw improved ROI. One reason is that contextual targeting is easier and cheaper to implement, especially if you haven’t already amassed a ton of existing data.
Behavioral targeting relies heavily on customer data, as well as the tools, skills, and experts for analysis and continuous optimization, meaning that brands without this infrastructure in place may fall behind. It may be prudent for brands with limited resources to consider implementing behavioral targeting further down the pipeline.
Whichever type of ad targeting you’re opting for, one emotion is universal: the frustration when you’re not getting the clicks you need. The digital landscape is noisy and competitive, with companies vying for the same pool of limited attention. Here are some tips to keep in mind if you want your audience to start giving your ads some love:
The new year is the best time to find new customers, especially if you’re in the health, home services, and fitness industries. Beyond leveraging contextual targeting to boost your brand awareness for these audiences, you can also:
With many businesses laying low as they reconfigure their marketing roadmap for the year, it’s a great time to ramp spending and capture new market share. If you’re looking for a partner to help supercharge your brand this year, check out how AdRoll can help deliver memorable cross-channel experiences that modern shoppers expect.
Last updated on January 10th, 2023.
